PR.AC-1: Identities and credentials are issued, managed, verified, revoked, and audited for authorized devices, users, and processes.

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Identities and credentials for authorized devices and users shall be managed.
Guidance
Identities and credentials for authorized devices and users could be managed through a password policy. A password policy is a set of rules designed to enhance ICT/OT security by encouraging organization’s to (Not limitative list and measures to be considered as appropriate):
- Change all default passwords.
- Ensure that no one works with administrator privileges for daily tasks.
- Keep a limited and updated list of system administrator accounts.
- Enforce password rules, e.g. passwords must be longer than a state-of-the-art number of characters with a combination of character types and changed periodically or when there is any suspicion of compromise.
- Use only individual accounts and never share passwords.
- Immediately disable unused accounts.
- Rights and privileges are managed by user groups.

Identities and credentials for authorized devices and users shall be managed, where feasible through automated mechanisms.
Guidance
- Automated mechanisms can help to support the management and auditing of information system credentials.
- Consider strong user authentication, meaning an authentication based on the use of at least two authentication factors from different categories of either knowledge (something only the user knows), possession (something only the user possesses) or inherence (something the user is) that are independent, in that the breach of one does not compromise the reliability of the others, and is designed in such a way to protect the confidentiality of the authentication data.

System credentials shall be deactivated after a specified period of inactivity unless it would compromise the safe operation of (critical) processes.
Guidance
- To guarantee the safe operation, service accounts should be used for running processes and services.
- Consider the use of a formal access procedure for external parties.

For transactions within the organization's critical systems, the organization shall implement:
- multi-factor end-user authentication (MFA or "strong authentication").
- certificate-based authentication for system-to-system communications.
Guidance
Consider the use of SSO (Single Sign On) in combination with MFA for the organization's internal and external critical systems.

The organization’s critical systems shall be monitored for atypical use of system credentials. Credentials associated with significant risk shall be disabled.
Guidance
- Consider limiting the number of failed login attempts by implementing automatic lockout.
- The locked account won’t be accessible until it has been reset or the account lockout duration elapses.

This requirement is part of the framework:  
CyberFundamentals (Belgium)
Best practices
How to implement:
PR.AC-1: Identities and credentials are issued, managed, verified, revoked, and audited for authorized devices, users, and processes.
This policy on
PR.AC-1: Identities and credentials are issued, managed, verified, revoked, and audited for authorized devices, users, and processes.
provides a set concrete tasks you can complete to secure this topic. Follow these best practices to ensure compliance and strengthen your overall security posture.

Identities and credentials for authorized devices and users shall be managed.
Guidance
Identities and credentials for authorized devices and users could be managed through a password policy. A password policy is a set of rules designed to enhance ICT/OT security by encouraging organization’s to (Not limitative list and measures to be considered as appropriate):
- Change all default passwords.
- Ensure that no one works with administrator privileges for daily tasks.
- Keep a limited and updated list of system administrator accounts.
- Enforce password rules, e.g. passwords must be longer than a state-of-the-art number of characters with a combination of character types and changed periodically or when there is any suspicion of compromise.
- Use only individual accounts and never share passwords.
- Immediately disable unused accounts.
- Rights and privileges are managed by user groups.

Identities and credentials for authorized devices and users shall be managed, where feasible through automated mechanisms.
Guidance
- Automated mechanisms can help to support the management and auditing of information system credentials.
- Consider strong user authentication, meaning an authentication based on the use of at least two authentication factors from different categories of either knowledge (something only the user knows), possession (something only the user possesses) or inherence (something the user is) that are independent, in that the breach of one does not compromise the reliability of the others, and is designed in such a way to protect the confidentiality of the authentication data.

System credentials shall be deactivated after a specified period of inactivity unless it would compromise the safe operation of (critical) processes.
Guidance
- To guarantee the safe operation, service accounts should be used for running processes and services.
- Consider the use of a formal access procedure for external parties.

For transactions within the organization's critical systems, the organization shall implement:
- multi-factor end-user authentication (MFA or "strong authentication").
- certificate-based authentication for system-to-system communications.
Guidance
Consider the use of SSO (Single Sign On) in combination with MFA for the organization's internal and external critical systems.

The organization’s critical systems shall be monitored for atypical use of system credentials. Credentials associated with significant risk shall be disabled.
Guidance
- Consider limiting the number of failed login attempts by implementing automatic lockout.
- The locked account won’t be accessible until it has been reset or the account lockout duration elapses.

Read below what concrete actions you can take to improve this ->
Frameworks that include requirements for this topic:
No items found.

How to improve security around this topic

In Cyberday, requirements and controls are mapped to universal tasks. A set of tasks in the same topic create a Policy, such as this one.

Here's a list of tasks that help you improve your information and cyber security related to
PR.AC-1: Identities and credentials are issued, managed, verified, revoked, and audited for authorized devices, users, and processes.
Task name
Priority
Task completes
Complete these tasks to increase your compliance in this policy.
Critical
No other tasks found.

How to comply with this requirement

In Cyberday, requirements and controls are mapped to universal tasks. Each requirement is fulfilled with one or multiple tasks.

Here's a list of tasks that help you comply with the requirement
PR.AC-1: Identities and credentials are issued, managed, verified, revoked, and audited for authorized devices, users, and processes.
of the framework  
CyberFundamentals (Belgium)
Task name
Priority
Task completes
Complete these tasks to increase your compliance in this policy.
Critical
Regular reviewing of data system access rights
Critical
High
Normal
Low
Certificate based authentication for system-to-system communication
Critical
High
Normal
Low
3
requirements
System management
Access control and authentication

Certificate based authentication for system-to-system communication

This task helps you comply with the following requirements

Analyzing authentication processes of critical systems
Critical
High
Normal
Low
30
requirements
System management
Access control and authentication

Analyzing authentication processes of critical systems

This task helps you comply with the following requirements

Avoiding and documenting shared user accounts
Critical
High
Normal
Low
Defining and documenting access roles
Critical
High
Normal
Low
Descriptions of different access rights management processes
Critical
High
Normal
Low

The ISMS component hierachy

When building an ISMS, it's important to understand the different levels of information hierarchy. Here's how Cyberday is structured.

Framework

Sets the overall compliance standard or regulation your organization needs to follow.

Requirements

Break down the framework into specific obligations that must be met.

Tasks

Concrete actions and activities your team carries out to satisfy each requirement.

Policies

Documented rules and practices that are created and maintained as a result of completing tasks.

Never duplicate effort. Do it once - improve compliance across frameworks.

Reach multi-framework compliance in the simplest possible way
Security frameworks tend to share the same core requirements - like risk management, backup, malware, personnel awareness or access management.
Cyberday maps all frameworks’ requirements into shared tasks - one single plan that improves all frameworks’ compliance.
Do it once - we automatically apply it to all current and future frameworks.